Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Huazhuo jiedu decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Sixty SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups: a blank group (N), a model group (M), a mesalazine group (MS), and three groups receiving different doses of Huazhuo Jiedu formula (HZJD-H, HZJD-M, and HZJD-L). Except for the N group, the UC mouse model was induced using a 2.5% DSS solution. After 7 days, the mice exhibited mucus, pus, and bloody stools. Two mice from the M group were randomly selected and sacrificed, and their colon specimens were examined under a microscope to assess pathological changes such as congestion, edema, and ulceration. Two mice died during the modeling process, one each from the MS group and the HZJD-L group. The N group was fed normally, the MS group received a mesalazine suspension at 0.52g·kg^-1·d^-1 by gavage, and the HZJD-L, HZJD-M, and HZJD-H groups received Huazhuo jiedu decoction suspensions at 12.5, 25, and 50g·kg^-1·d^-1, respectively, by gavage. The M group received 0.9% saline by gavage, administered once daily for 14 consecutive days. After the mice were sacrificed, histopathological examination of intestinal mucosal tissue was performed, and histopathological scores (HS) were assigned. The ultrastructure of colon mucosal tissue was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The protein expressions of MKK6, p38MAPK, and p-p38MAPK in colon tissue from each group were detected using Western blot, p38MAPK expression in colon tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the levels of IL-12 and IL-2 in serum from each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that the pathological changes in the colon mucosa of UC mice in each treatment group were ameliorated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructure of the colon mucosa in each treatment group was repaired to varying degrees. Statistical analysis indicated that, compared with the N group, the HS score, MKK6, p38, and p-p38/p38 protein expressions in colon tissue, and serum IL-12 levels were increased, while serum IL-2 levels were decreased in the M group (P<0.05). Compared with the M group, the HS score, MKK6, p38, and p-p38/p38 protein expressions in colon tissue, and serum IL-12 levels were decreased, while serum IL-2 levels were increased in each treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Huazhuo jiedu decoction can improve the general condition, histopathological state, and cellular ultrastructure of UC mice, potentially by inhibiting the activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of mitochondrial damage induced by Hedyotis diffusa ethanol in cervical cancer cells, with a focus on clarifying the key role of ULK1 activation in this process. Methods: Cell culture, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and other techniques were employed to detect cervical cancer cells treated with Hedyotis diffusa ethanol, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and the expression and activation of ULK1. Additionally, a cervical cancer xenograft tumor model was constructed to study the effects of Hedyotis diffusa ethanol on the growth of xenograft tumors, the expression of related proteins in tumor tissues, histopathology, and serum biochemical indicators in nude mice. Results: Hedyotis diffusa ethanol effectively inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, induced apoptosis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species production, and promoted ULK1 activation. Specifically, the inhibition rate of cell viability increased significantly with increasing Hedyotis diffusa ethanol concentration and treatment time; the apoptosis rate increased with increasing drug concentration (P<0.01); the proportion of cells with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species levels increased with increasing drug concentration (P<0.01); the expression levels of ULK1, p-ULK1, LC3/LC3I, and Bax proteins increased with increasing drug concentration, while the expression level of Bcl-2 protein decreased (P<0.01). In animal experiments, the tumor volume in each Hedyotis diffusa ethanol dose group was significantly reduced, and the tumor inhibition rate increased with the dose; compared with the model group, the expression levels of ULK1, p-ULK1, LC3II/LC3I, and Bax proteins increased, while the expression level of Bcl-2 protein decreased (P<0.01); tumor cell necrosis increased, and the disorder of cell arrangement was alleviated; the content of MDA in serum decreased, and the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Hedyotis diffusa ethanol may induce mitochondrial damage in cervical cancer cells by activating ULK1, thereby exerting an anticancer effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of Hedyotis diffusa ethanol in the treatment of cervical cancer, but the specific molecular mechanism between ULK1 activation and mitochondrial damage requires further investigation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of long-chain non coding RNA FGD5 antisense RNA1 (LncRNA FGD5-AS1) on the malignant biological behavior of colon cancer cells via targeting the miR-103a-3p/RNF38 axis. Methods: Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p in human colon epithelial cells and human colon cancer SW480. StarBase and Targeted Scan databases were applied to analyze the binding sites between LncRNA FGD5-AS1, miR-103a-3p, and RNF38, and further validation was used by dual luciferase reporter for gene detection. SW480 cells were randomly grouped into control group, pcDNA NC group, pcDNA-FGD5-AS1 group, si-NC group, si-FGD5-AS1 group, si-FGD5-AS1+inhibitor NC group, and si-FGD5-AS1+miR-103a-3p inhibitor group. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot were applied to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, FGD5-AS1, miR-103a-3p levels, and RNF3 protein expression level. Results: Compared with human colonic epithelial cells, the expression level of LncRNA FGD5-AS1 in SW480 cells was significantly reduced (1.00±0.00 vs 0.48±0.10, t=12.737, P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-103a-3p was significantly increased (1.00±0.00 vs 1.61±0.18, t=8.301, P<0.05). LncRNA FGD5-AS1 could target and negatively regulate miR-103a-3p expression (P<0.05). MiR-103a-3p could target and positively regulate RNF38 expression (P<0.05). Compared with the pcDNA NC group, the level of FGD5-AS1 in SW480 cells of the pcDNA-FGD5-AS1 group significantly increased (0.98±0.10 vs 2.34±0.45, t=7.227, P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate significantly increased (8.64±1.32 vs 16.21±2.75, t=6.079, P<0.05), while the expression levels of miR-103a-3p (1.01±0.12 vs 0.42±0.07, t=10.403, P<0.05), RNF38 protein expression levels (0.59±0.09 vs 0.32±0.17, t=3.438, P=0.006), cell proliferation activity (0.63±0.09 vs 0.34±0.06, t=6.567, P<0.05), and cell invasion ability (112.63±14.94 vs 43.82±5.67, t=10.548, P<0.05) significantly decreased. The change trend of the si-FGD5-AS1 group was opposite to that of the pcDNA-FGD5-AS1 group, and miR-103a-3p inhibitor could reverse the changes of the si-FGD5-AS1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Interference with LncRNA FGD5-AS1 may promote RNF38 protein expression via targeting upregulate miR-103a-3p, thereby enhancing proliferation and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells, and reducing apoptosis rate. Upregulation of LncRNA FGD5-AS1 can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of colon cancer cells.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA (miR) -221-3p in regulating ferroptosis to promote breast cancer metastasis. Methods: Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was cultured and transfected into MCF-7 cells using miR-221-3p mimic and mimic negative control (NC), real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-221-3p in transfected cells, the kit was used to determine the levels of bivalent iron ion (Fe²⁺), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in transfected cells. MCF-7 cells were divided into control group, mimic NC group (transfected mimic NC), miR-221-3p mimic group (transfected miR-221-3p mimic), miR-221-3p mimic+Erastin group (transfected miR-221-3p mimic and treated with 10 μmoL/L Erastin). The proliferation activity and the number of migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells were respectively detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay. Double-labeled immunofluorescence staining was applied to evaluate the expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in MCF-7 cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of NRF2, GPX4, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and ferritin light chain (FTL) in MCF-7 cells. Results: Compared with cells transfected with blank and mimic NC, cells transfected with miR-221-3p mimic had significantly up-regulated the proliferation activity of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05), elevated the numbers of migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05), decreased Fe²⁺ content (P<0.05), lower ROS level (P<0.05), increased GSH level (P<0.05), enhanced the fluorescence intensity of NRF2 and GPX4 (P<0.05), and up-regulated the proteins expressions of NRF2, GPX4, SLC7A11 and FTL (P<0.05). Compared with cells transfected with miR-221-3p mimic, cells transfected with miR-221-3p mimic+Erastin presented significantly down-regulated proliferation activity of MCF-7 cells, reduced the numbers of migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05), increased Fe²⁺ content (P<0.05), higher ROS level (P<0.05), decreased GSH level (P<0.05), weakened the fluorescence intensity of NRF2 and GPX4 (P<0.05), and down-regulated the proteins expressions of NRF2, GPX4, SLC7A11 and FTL (P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-221-3p can promote breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting ferroptosis, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of NRF2/GPX4 axis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of midazolam (MDZL) on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in elderly rats by regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Methods: Elderly rats were randomly divided into sevoflurane group, low (MDZL-L), medium (MDZL-M) and high concentration (MDZL-H) group, MDZL-H+PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (MDZL-H+BKM120) group and control group, with 12 rats in each group. Morris water maze experiment was performed to detect the escape latency, target quadrant swimming time, and number of crossing platforms. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was applied to detect the pathology of hippocampal tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the proportion of PSD-95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) positive cells in hippocampal tissue. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted to detect neuronal apoptosis. Western blot was applied to detect B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated x (Bax), PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT proteins. Results: Compared with those of the control group, rats of sevoflurane group showed nuclear enlargement and nuclear chromatin aggregation in hippocampal neurons, significantly decreased neurons number, prolonged escape latency, reduced target quadrant swimming time and crossing platforms number, decreased proportions of PSD-95 and BDNF positive cells, and Bcl-2 protein, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT levels, increased apoptosis rate of neurons and Bax protein in hippocampal tissue (P<0.05). Compared with those of the sevoflurane group, rats of MDZL-L, MDZL-M, and MDZL-H group had significantly shortened escape latency, increased target quadrant swimming time and crossing platforms number, increased proportion of PSD-95, BDNF positive cells, Bcl-2 protein, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT levels, and decreased apoptosis rate and Bax protein, showing a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Pathological damage to hippocampus was alleviated. Compared with those of the MDZL-H group, rats of MDZL-H+BKM120 group presented significantly prolonged escape latency, reduced target quadrant swimming time and crossing platforms number, decreased proportion of PSD-95 and BDNF positive cells, Bcl-2 protein, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT levels, and increased apoptosis rate of neurons and Bax protein (P<0.05). The pathological injury of hippocampus was aggravated. Conclusion: MDZL may improve sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in elderly rats by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective: To investigate the impacts of stachydrine (STA) on neuroprotective ability and Notch signaling pathway in rats with depression. Methods: A depression model rat was constructed and randomly separated into a Model group, a low, medium, and high dose stachydrine groups (STA-L, STA-M, STA-H groups), and a high-dose stachydrine+pathway inhibitor group (STA-H+DAPT group), with 12 rats in each group. Additional 12 healthy rats were selected as the Control group. All rats underwent sugar water preference experiments, forced swimming experiments. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluated the pathological morphology of hippocampal tissue, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was applied to count the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine [NE], dopamine [DA], 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]). Western blot was conducted to recored protein expression related to the Notch signaling pathway. Results: Compared with Control group, the Model group had significantly severe hippocampal tissue damage, high cell apoptosis rate, reduced the proportion of sugar water preference, and prolonged static time in water, reduced neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) and Notch1, Hes1, and Jagged1 proteins expression (P<0.05). Compared with the Model group, the STA-L, STA-M, and STA-H groups showed dose-dependent downregulations of degree of hippocampal tissue damage, the cell apoptosis rate, the static time in water, upregulations of sugar water preference, and neurotransmitters levels (NE, DA, 5-HT), Notch1, Hes1, and Jagged1 proteins levels (P<0.05). Compared with the STA-H group, the GAS-H+DAPT group presented more severe damage to the hippocampal tissue in rats, the cell apoptosis rate increased, the proportion of sugar water preference reduced, and the static time in water prolonged, the levels of neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) and the expression levels of Notch1, Hes1, and Jagged1 proteins reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: Stachydrine can improve neuronal damage and enhance neuroprotective function in rats with depression via the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effect of safflower yellow (SY) on myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats and its potential mechanism. Methods: The DCM rat model was prepared by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and divided into five groups: Normal, Model, SY, transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) inhibitor SB431542, and SY+SB431542, with eight rats in each group. The SY group received 10 mg/kg SY via intraperitoneal injection once daily, the SB431542 group received 0.1 mg/kg SB431542 via intragastric administration once daily, and the SY+SB431542 group received both 10 mg/kg SY via intraperitoneal injection and 0.1 mg/kg SB431542 via intragastric administration once daily. The Normal and Model groups received normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once daily. After 14 days of treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured; cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography; serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), angiotensin II (Ang II), and soluble ST2 (sST2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and cardiac index (CI) was calculated. Myocardial tissue lesions and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining or Masson staining, and the expression of TGF-β₁, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), Smad7, Collagen-I, and Collagen-III was detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the Model group, cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were significantly increased, while left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs) and end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) were significantly decreased (P<0.05)] was significantly improved in the SY, SB431542, and SY+SB431542 groups. FBG levels and serum levels of LDH, cTnI, Ang II, sST2, and CI were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Myocardial histopathological changes such as myofiber rupture, cellular vacuolation, necrosis, decreased cell number, nuclear hyperstaining, and myocardial fibrosis were significantly improved, and collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Expression of TGF-β₁, Collagen-I, Collagen-III, and the p-Smad2/3:Smad2/3 ratio in myocardial tissue was significantly decreased, while Smad7 expression was significantly increased (P<0.05). The effects of the SY+SB431542 group on the detection indices were significantly better than those of the SY and SB431542 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: SY can inhibit myocardial fibrosis in DCM rats, which may be related to downregulating the TGF-β₁/Smads pathway and alleviating extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.

Objective: To investigate the effect of kaempferol (Kae) on apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells (PBC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats via regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) / protein kinase A (PKA) / cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were separated into control check (CK) group, model group, Kae low-dose group (Kae-L) group, Kae high-dose group (Kae-H) group, and Kae H+cAMP inhibitor (H-89) group, with 12 rats in each group. Blood glucose meter was used to detect fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect the levels of serum fasting insulin (FINS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cAMP in pancreatic tissue. Reagent kits were applied to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in pancreatic tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was applied to observe the morphology of pancreatic tissue. Aldehyde fuchsin orange yellow G staining was applied to assess the apoptosis of PBC. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated x (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), PKA, and CREB proteins in pancreatic tissue. Results: Compared with the CK group, the model group rats had incomplete pancreatic islet cells, blurred boundaries between pancreatic islet cells and surrounding cells, and pancreatic islet atrophy, significantly decreased PDC number, increased FPG, FINS, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and IL-6 and TNF-α levels, MDA content, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax protein expression, reduced IL-10 and cAMP levels, SOD and CAT activities, and Bcl-2, p-PKA/PKA, and p-CREB/CREB proteins expression (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, rats in the Kae-L and Kae-H groups presented a obvious improvement in the morphology of pancreatic islet cells, significantly increased PBC number, decreased FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, levels of IL-6 and TNF-α levels, MDA content, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax protein expression, elevated IL-10 and cAMP levels, SOD and CAT activities, and Bcl-2, p-PKA/PKA, and p-CREB/CREB proteins expression (P<0.05). H-89 could attenuate the effect of Kae on the apoptosis of PBC in DM rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Kae can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, and reduce apoptosis of PBC via activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the relationship between circular RNA CiRS-7 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells. Methods: An EC cell line, Ishikawa, was stably transfected with ciRS-7 using lentiviral vectors. Ishikawa cells' proliferation activity, scratch wound healing, migration ability, and invasion capability were assessed. QRT-PCR determined miR-7 expression levels in these cells. Ishikawa cells were serum-starved for 24 hours, and the expression levels of ER stress-related and apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot, with miR-7 expression quantified by qRT-PCR. Intracellular levels of Ki-67 and anti-apoptotic protein expression were compared between serum-starved ciRS-7-overexpressing cells and blank control groups. Ishikawa cell lines stably overexpressing both ciRS-7 and miR-7 were constructed, and Western blot was used to measure the levels of ER stress-related proteins and pro-apoptotic protein expression after ER stress induction. An Ishikawa cell line with stable ciRS-7 knockdown was established, and after ER stress induction in serum-starved cells, miR-7 levels were detected by qRT-PCR, while the expression levels of ER stress-related and pro-apoptotic proteins were assessed by Western blot. Results: Ishikawa cells overexpressing ciRS-7 exhibited significantly increased proliferative activity, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of ciRS-7 led to a significant decrease in miR-7 levels. Serum starvation for 24 hours successfully induced increased ER stress levels in Ishikawa cells. Intracellular miR-7 levels in ciRS-7-overexpressing Ishikawa cells were significantly lower than those in negative control cells, rendering them more resistant to ER stress and exhibiting significantly lower levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. Dual overexpression of ciRS-7 and miR-7 resulted in decreased resistance to starvation-induced ER stress and significantly higher expression levels of apoptotic proteins. Knockdown of ciRS-7 increased cellular miR-7 levels, diminished cell resistance to starvation-induced ER stress, and promoted apoptosis. Conclusion: CiRS-7 expression can promote EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and enhance EC cell resistance to starvation-induced ER stress by inhibiting miR-7 expression.

Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-31-5p on gefitinib resistance and its mechanism. Methods: The targeted miRNAs of serine protease 8 (PRSS8) were predicted by the online tools of TargetScan, miRDB, mirDIP and Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes (ENCORI), and the gefitinib resistance-related miRNA microarray data was searched and downloaded from the high-throughput sequencing of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for screening differentially expressed miRNAs. The expressions of miR-31-5p in gefitinib-sensitive (PC9) and gefitinib-resistant (PC9/GR) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). PC9/GR cells were transfected to miR-31-5p NC group and miR-31-5p mimic group, the sensitivity was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression of PRSS8, BCL-2-associated x (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) was detected by Western blot (WB). Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-31-5p was a miRNA that could target PRSS8 and had differential expression in gefitinib-resistant cells. The results from RT-qPCR revealed that miR-31-5p levels were significantly reduced in PC9/GR cells compared to PC9 cells (P<0.0001), the proliferation rate of cell in miR-31-5p mimic group was significantly lower than that of NC group ( all P<0.0001 ). Additionally, the expression of BAX protein was significantly elevated in the miR-31-5p mimic group relative to the NC group (P<0.001), but the level of BCL-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Further studies showed that PRSS8 mRNA (P<0.0001) and protein (P<0.05) were significantly down-regulated in miR-31-5p mimic group. Conclusion: The expression of MiR-31-5p was significantly down-regulated in PC9/GR cell, and it may partly reverse gefitinib resistance by down-regulating the expression of PRSS8.

Objective: To analyze the association between gene polymorphism of sodium voltage-gated channel alpha1 subunit (SCN1A) and onset of febrile seizures (FS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 121 patients with FS (FS group) and 150 healthy subjects (healthy group) visited the hospital for physical examination during the same period. The gene polymorphisms, genotypes frequencies and alleles frequencies at rs3812718, rs4667869 and rs10497275 loci of SCN1A gene and the association between different genotypes, gene frequency distribution of SCN1A gene polymorphism with clinical characteristics were compared. Results: The genotype sat rs3812718, rs4667869 and rs10497275 loci of SCN1A gene were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium law (P>0.05), indicating population representation. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes and C/T allele at rs3812718 locus and frequencies of GG, GC and CC genotypes and G/C allele at rs4667869 locus of SCN1A gene (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes and G/A allele at rs10497275 locus (P>0.05). The proportions of patients with onset age younger than 3 years old, convulsions, clonuses in patients carrying TT genotype at rs3812718 locus of SCN1A gene were significantly higher than those in patients carrying CC+CT genotype (P<0.05). The proportions of patients with onset age younger than 3 years old and, convulsions, clonuses in patients carrying GG genotype at rs4667869 locus were significantly higher than those in patients carrying CC+GC genotype (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of convulsion with fever, loss of consciousness and abnormal head imaging symptoms among different genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusion: rs3812718 and rs4667869 loci of SCN1A gene are associated with the clinical characteristics of FS onset, and the T allele at rs3812718 locus and the G allele at rs4667869 locus are susceptible genes.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of injectable platelet rich fibrin (iPRF) on the migration, activation, proliferation and tumorigenicity of melanocytes. Methods: Control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were configured with no iPRF, iPRF concentration of 1/3, iPRF concentration of 1/2, respectively. The melanocyte migration, cell proliferation, melanin concentration and tumorigenicity were compared between groups. Results: Comparison of the three culture systems, the migration of melanocytes was the most obvious in experimental group 2, followed by experimental group 1, and the least in control group. There was no statistical difference in the proliferation of melanocytes between groups (P>0.05). The amount of melanin was the highest in the experimental group 1, and there was no statistical difference between the control group and the experimental group 2 (P>0.05). In the three culture systems, the three groups showed a dose-dependent downregulation of colony formation rate of melanocyte, but the number of clones in each group was less than 50, and the clone plate test was negative. Conclusion: Different culture systems have different migration and activation effects on melanocytes. The migration and activation effect of melanocyte showed a downward trend with the increase of iPRF concentration. iPRF may promote the production of melanin, but not the higher the concentration, the stronger the effect. iPRF did not promote the proliferation of melanocytes and had no tumorigenic effect.

Objective: To explore the active compounds and the potential mechanism of Herba Houttuyniae for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: TCMSP,Universal Protein (UniProt) were used to search the active components and targets of Herba Houttuyniae.DisGeNet databases,Drugbank,Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),GeneCards databases were used to search the targets of COPD.The Venny 2.1.0 online analysis tool was used to obtain the potential targets of Herba Houttuyniae in the treatment of COPD.The potential targets of gene ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted through DAVID database,and the results were visualized with the ggplot package in R.The protein-protein interaction of potential targets were searched using STRING database.Cytoscape 3.10.1 software was applied for the construction of the medicine-active components-targets-disease network map,CytoNCA add-ons was used to screen key targets.AutoDock Tools Version 1.5.7 software was used to perform molecular docking of the four components of Herba Houttuyniae and the key targets of Herba Houttuyniae in the treatment of COPD. Results: 4 active components of Herba Houttuyniae were obtained: quercetin,kaempferol,isolamarone,and ruvoside_qt,105 potential targets for the treatment of COPD and 4 key targets: tumor protein 53(TP53),protein kinase B(AKT1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),and lnterleukin-6(IL-6),which are mainly involved in processes such as inflammatory response and regulate pathways such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway.Molecular docking results show that most of the main active components of Herba Houttuyniae have good binding affinity with COPD receptors. Conclusion: Herba Houttuyniae may act on key targets such as TP53,AKT1,TNF and IL-6 through active components such as quercetin,kaempferol,isolamarone,and ruvoside_qt,regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and other pathways,exert anti-inflammatory,antioxidative stress,delay the progression of emphysema,and improve lung function,providing a theoretical basis for Herba Houttuyniae in the treatment of COPD.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of plasma D-dimer and tenascin C (TNC) in elderly patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Methods: The clinical and therapeutic data of 147 elderly patients with ATAAD treated in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2021 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed,including preoperative indexes including underlying disease history and laboratory indexes including TNC and D-dimer.All patients underwent emergency surgery within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms.According to the occurrence of major adverse events such as postoperative acute renal failure,severe infection,and prolonged mechanical ventilation within 30 days after surgery,patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups.Patients were classified as DeBakey type II and type I depending on the extent of the dissection.The D-dimer level was determined by latex enhanced immunoturbidimetry and the TNC level was determined by immunoenzyme-linked adsorption.Logistic regression analysis was performed to control for potential prognosis in univariate analysis,and the predictive power of plasma D-dimer and TNC at admission was assessed by area under the receiver Operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). Results: The prognosis of aged ATAAD patients was poor 30 days after operation,accounting for 21.77% (32/147).Plasma D-dimer (Z=-3.103,P=0.002) and TNC (Z=-3.849,P<0.001) levels in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group,and the ROC AUC predicted by D-dimer combined with TNC was 0.921 (95%CI:0.865 ~ 0.959).After controlling for potentially relevant confounding variables,underlying disease history (OR=5.432,P=0.009),admission D-dimer ≥112.41μg/mL (OR=1.006,P=0.001),TNC≥97.12ng/mL (OR=1.038,P<0.001) were independent predictors of poor prognosis in multivariate Logistic regression analysis (P<0.05).The relationship between D-dimer and TNC and the morphological characteristics of aortic dissection was further analyzed.Firstly,plasma D-dimer (Z=-3.323,P=0.001) and TNC levels (Z=-1.965,P=0.049) in patients with DeBakey type I dissection were higher than those in patients with DeBakey type II dissection.Secondly,plasma D-dimer and TNC levels were also slightly higher in partial and non-thrombotic subgroups than in thrombotic subgroups based on FL status of aortic dissection (P=0.001).The higher the level of D-dimer or TNC on admission,the higher the risk of serious infection,the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation,and the risk of hospital death (P<0.05).After adjusting for age and underlying disease history,D-dimer level≥112.41μg/mL+TNC level≥97.12ng/mL were independent risk factors for severe infection (OR=2.09,P=0.005) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR=6.40,P=0.028). Conclusion: PHR≤1.31 is an independent risk factor for death within 30 days after surgery in ATAAD patients,and low PHR is also associated with postoperative AKI requiring dialysis in ATAAD patients.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between red blood cell distribution width (RDW), D-dimer (D-D), microRNA-216a-5p (miR-216a-5p) and baseline systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP), and their predictive value for prognosis. Methods: One hundred and eighty PDAP patients visited in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2024 were recruited and divided into a poor prognosis group (n=42) and a good prognosis group (n=138) based on their short-term prognosis. Pearson analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p with SIRI. Logistic regression was performed to assess the influencing factors of prognosis in PDAP patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn used to analyze the predictive power of RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p and SIRI on the prognosis of PDAP patients. Results: Compared with the group with good prognosis, the group with poor prognosis had significantly increased peripheral blood RDW, D-D, and SIRI, and the differences were statistically significant (t=15.958, 29.928, 22.490, all P<0.05). Compared with the group with good prognosis, the miR-216a-5p in peripheral blood of the group with poor prognosis was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (t=22.041, P<0.05). RDW, D-D were positively correlated with SIRI (r=0.498, 0.481, all P<0.05), while miR-216a-5p was negatively correlated with SIRI (r=-0.507, P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that RDW (OR [95% CI]: 2.125 [1.045-4.392]), D-D (OR [95% CI]: 1.984 [1.134-3.584]), miR-216a-5p (OR [95% CI]: 3.924 [1.399-5.267]), SIRI (OR [95% CI]: 2.684 [1.284-3.569]), ALB (OR [95% CI]: 1.813 [1.064-3.284]), CRP (OR [95% CI]: 2.007 [1.052-4.006]) were risk factors for poor prognosis in PDAP patients (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting poor prognosis in PDAP patients using combined detection of peripheral blood RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p, and SIRI is 0.870, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.819~0.937. The AUC of combined detection of peripheral blood RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p, and SIRI is higher than that of single detection, and the difference is statistically significant (Z/P=2.812/0.008, 2.605/0.014, 2.411/0.010, 2.701/0.017). Conclusion: There is a certain correlation between RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p with SIRI in PDAP patients. Elevated RDW, D-D, and decreased miR-216a-5p are closely related to the prognosis of patients, and the combined detection of RDW, D-D, miR-216a-5p, with SIRI has a high predictive effect on the prognosis of PDAP patients.

Objective: To investigate the influence of root repair material SP (iRoot SP) and AH-plus paste on the efficacy of root canal therapy and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) levels in adult patients with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). Methods: A total of 135adult CAP patients who received root canal therapy in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects. They were randomly divided into the iRoot SP group (root SP root canal occluders as fillers for root canal therapy, n=68) and AH-plus group (AH-plus paste as a filling material for root canal therapy, n=67) by computer random number method. The filling status immediately after the treatment, pain grading at 7 days of treatment (T1), efficacy at T1, 3 months of treatment (T2) and 6 months of treatment (T3), old-periapical index (O-PAI), and serum OPG, RANKL and RANKL/OPG before treatment (T0) and at T1, T2 and T3 were compared between the iRoot SP group and the AH-plus group. Results: Compared with the AH-plus group, the appropriate filling rate in the iRoot SP group was significantly higher (98.53% vs.89.55%) (P<0.05). The decrease in the pain rate was significantly greater in the iRoot SP group than that of theAH-plus group (P<0.05). The effective rate at T1 (98.53% vs. 89.55%), T2 (95.59% vs. 85.07%) and T3 (91.18% vs. 79.10%) in the iRoot SP group was significantly higher in the iRoot SP group than the AH-plus group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in O-PAI, OPG, RANKL and RANKL/OPG from the aspects of intragroup effect, time-point effect and interaction effect (P<0.05), and the decreases in the O-PAI, RANKL and RANKL/OPG, and the increase in serum OPG were significantly greater in the iRoot SP group than those of the AH-plus group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with AH-plus paste, iRoot SP as a filling material for root canal therapy of adult CAP is more effective, and the latter one can more significantly relieve the pain grading, serum RANKL expression and RANKL/OPG value, enhance the appropriate filling rate and serum OPG, and optimize the periodontal lesions.

Objective: To explore and analyze the association between changes in periodontal indexes and dental fear scale (DFS) scores in patients with periodontitis after ER:YAG laser adjuvant therapy. Methods: Thirty patients with periodontitis admitted from October 2021 to October 2023 were included. All patients received ER:YAG laser-assisted therapy. Pearson correlation and linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between DFS scores and changes in periodontal indexes. Results: After treatment, attachment loss (AL), periodontal pocket depth (PD), and alveolar bone resorption were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation revealed that DFS scores were negatively correlated with AL, PD, and alveolar bone resorption (r=-0.401, -0.415, -0.426, P<0.05). Linear regression showed that DFS scores were protective factors affecting the changes in AL, PD, and bone resorption (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a certain association between DFS scores and changes in periodontal indexes in patients with periodontitis after ER:YAG laser adjuvant therapy. The higher the score, the smaller the changes in AL, PD, and alveolar bone resorption.

Objective: To investigate the drug resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) to five antibiotics [metronidazole (MTZ), clarithromycin (CLA), amoxicillin (AMX), levofloxacin (LEV), furazolidone (FZ)] and its correlation with related drug resistance genes in Bazhou People’ s Hospital of Korla City. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two gastric mucosal biopsy samples in Bazhou People’ s Hospital of Korla City from March 2021 to May 2024 were collected for Hp identification, isolation and culture, and the typing detection of serum antibody Hp. The drug resistance rate of Hp to five antibiotics was detected by E-test drug sensitivity test. The related genotypes of Hp resistance to five antibiotics and the correlation between each drug resistance genotype and drug resistance phenotype were analyzed with gene sequencing technology. Results: A total of 57 Hp strains were isolated from 152 gastric mucosal biopsy samples, with a positive isolation rate of 37.50% (57/152), including 50 strains (87.72%) of Hp-antibody type I and 7 strains (12.28%) of Hp-antibody type II. 6.00% of Hp strains among 50 strains of Hp-antibody type I were resistant to five antibiotics, and 74.00% of Hp strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The drug resistance rates of Hp to MTZ, LEV, CLA, AMX and FZ were 64.00%, 30.00%, 68.00%, 24.00% and 80.00%, respectively. The main genotype loci of Hp resistance to MTZ, LEV, CLA and AMX were rdxA (C148T+T184G), gyrA (C261G/A), 23S rRNA (T2182C) and Pbp1b (C1667G+A1684G), and the mutation rates were 58.00%, 18.00%, 64.00% and 16.00% respectively. The mutation probability of genotype locus Pord (G353A+A356G+C357T) of Hp resistance to FZ was 18.00%, and the mutation probabilities of A41G locus and A122G+C349A/G locus of gene Oord were 80.00% and 80.00% respectively. The mutations of LEV resistance gene gyrA, CLA resistance gene 23S rRNA (A2142G+A2143G) and AMX resistance gene Oord were more common in Hp-resistant strains, and the probability of occurrence was significantly higher than that of Hp-sensitive strains (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bazhou population in Korla City has a certain Hp infection rate, and the infected Hp strains have high drug resistance rates to five common antibiotics. The mutations of drug resistance genes corresponding to each antibiotic are related to the drug resistance phenotype.

Objective: To analyze the expression levels of serum microRNA-155 (miR-155), microRNA-126 (miR-126), and microRNA-125b (miR-125b) in children with different degrees of bronchial asthma and their correlation with airway inflammation and remodeling. Methods: A total of 108 children with bronchial asthma (disease group) were enrolled in this study from August 2020 to November 2023. Based on the severity of asthma, the children were divided into mild group (63 cases) and severe group (45 cases). Additionally, 50 healthy children with normal physical examinations (control group) were included. The relative expression levels of serum miR-155, miR-126, and miR-125b, as well as airway inflammatory indicators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), were compared among the severe group, mild group, and control group. Airway remodeling was assessed, including bronchial thickness (T/D) and the ratio of wall area to total cross-sectional area (WA). Lung function indicators such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the expressions of serum miR-155, miR-126, and miR-125b and airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and lung function. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNAs in distinguishing different severities of bronchial asthma in children. Results: The expression levels of serum miR-155, miR-126, and miR-125b were higher in the severe group than in the mild group and control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and ECP were significantly higher in both the severe and mild groups (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, ECP) were higher in the severe group than in the mild group and control group (P<0.05). In terms of airway remodeling indicators, T/D and WA were also higher in the severe group than in the mild group and control group (P<0.05). Lung function indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) were lower in the severe group than in the mild group and control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of serum miR-155, miR-126, and miR-125b were positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, ECP, T/D, and WA, and negatively correlated with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves (AUCs) for serum miR-155, miR-126, miR-125b alone and in combination in predicting the severity of asthma in children were 0.837, 0.817, 0.801, and 0.958, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: The high expressions of serum miR-155, miR-126, and miR-125b in children with bronchial asthma are closely related to airway inflammation and remodeling, and have high diagnostic efficiency for assessing the severity of bronchial asthma in children.

Objective: To analyze the value of rapid ultrasound in shock (RUSH) on evaluating the cardiac function and volume responsiveness in patients with shock. Methods: One- hundred patients with shock in Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from January 1, 2022 to January 31, 2024, were enrolled. RUSH regimen in identifying the type of shock was evaluated in diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate. The mechanical ventilation time, hospitalization time, in-hospital mortality, cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] on admission and shock correction) and volume responsiveness (inferior vena cava [IVC] diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility index and more B-line rate after 1 hour of resuscitation) of different shock patients were analyzed. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rate of RUSH regimen in 32 cases of cardiogenic shock were 91.67%, 98.68% and 97.00%, respectively; which in 33 cases of hypovolemic shock were 91.67%, 94.74% and 94.00%, respectively; which in 15 cases of obstructive shock were 95.00%, 97.50% and 97.00%, respectively; and which in 20 cases of distributive shock were 90.63%, 98.53% and 96.00%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time among patients with different types of shock (P<0.05), but no significant difference was shown in in-hospital mortality (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in LVEF on admission and shock correction among patients with different types of shock (P<0.05). The IVC diameter on admission was statistically significant different among patients with different types of shock (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in IVC collapsibility index and more B-line rate after 1 hour of resuscitation (P>0.05). Conclusion: RUSH regimen has good application value on evaluating cardiac function and volume responsiveness in patients with shock.

Objective: To analyze the changes in serum inflammatory factors in patients with xerophthalmia after modified Parks incision strabismus surgery and to investigate their association with ocular surface function. Methods: A total of 122 patients with strabismus who underwent modified Parks incision surgery at our hospital from March 2021 to March 2024 were included in this study. The changes in inflammatory factors among patients with xerophthalmia after surgery were observed, and the relationship between these changes and ocular surface function was analyzed. Results: The incidence rate of xerophthalmia after modified Parks incision strabismus surgery was 21.31% (26/122). The serum levels of IL-6, MMP-2, TNF-α, and TLR4 in patients with xerophthalmia were significantly higher than those in patients without xerophthalmia (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in OSDI scores between patients with and without xerophthalmia (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that IL-6, MMP-2, TNF-α, and TLR4 were positively correlated with the degree of ocular surface dysfunction, with statistically significant correlations (r=0.482, 0.510, 0.351, 0.333, P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that IL-6, MMP-2, TNF-α, and TLR4 were risk factors affecting ocular surface function (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUCs of serum IL-6, MMP-2, TNF-α, and TLR4 in evaluating ocular surface dysfunction were 0.668, 0.752, 0.743, and 0.766, respectively. The combined AUC of IL-6+MMP-2+TNF-α+TLR4 was 0.873, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.769 and 0.854, respectively, under the maximum Youden index. Conclusion: The serum levels of IL-6, MMP-2, TNF-α, and TLR4 in patients with xerophthalmia after modified Parks incision strabismus surgery are abnormally increased and are related to the degree of ocular surface dysfunction. These levels have a high evaluative value for ocular surface dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Parks modified virtual hanging line combined with transanal sphincterotomy (TROPIS) in patients with high sphincteroanal fistula. Methods: A total of 92 patients with high intersphincter anal fistula admitted to 901 Hospital from February 2021 to October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups, with 46 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group was treated with incision and hanging line, and the observation group was treated with Parks modified virtual hanging line and TROPIS. The postoperative indexes, pain and wound healing, complications, recurrence rate, inflammatory stress [interleukin-1 (IL-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], sphincter function and local wound microenvironment were compared between the two groups. Results: The intraoperative bleeding volume in the observation group was (8.32±2.17) mL, which was lower than that in the control group (21.46±4.76) mL. The time for surgery and edema resolution, wound exudate disappearance, and complete wound healing in the observation group were (35.57±6.59) min, (5.12±1.38) d, (6.24±1.96) d, and (16.52±2.74) d, respectively, which were lower than in the control group (48.26±8.17) min, (6.53±1.47) d, (7.38±1.63) d, and (18.27±3.51) d, respectively, with a P value lower than 0.05. At 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after surgery, the pain score in the observation group was (4.14±0.63)d, (3.02±0.51)d, (1.84±0.53)d, and (0.82±0.29)d, which was lower than the control group at (5.35±0.56)d, (5.35±0.56)d, (3.16±0.87)d, and (1.97±0.35)d, with a P value lower than 0.05. The wound healing in the observation group was better than in the control group at 7 and 14 days after operation (P<0.05). The levels of serum MPO, IL-1 and IL-6 in the observation group were lower than in the control group at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery (P<0.05). After 7 days of surgery, the proportion of Firmicutes in the observation group was (86.35±3.69)%, higher than that of the control group at(74.18±4.54)%. The proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was (7.25±1.00)% and (1.87±0.24)%, respectively, lower than the control group at (16.37±1.36)% and (2.65±0.32)%, respectively, (P<0.05). The Wexner incontinence score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the resting pressure and maximum systolic pressure of the anal canal were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The complication rate of observation group was 8.70%, lower than that of control group (23.91%) (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate of observation group was 2.17% compared with 10.87% in control group, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Parks modified virtual hanging line combined with TROPIS can alleviate sphincter injury, reduce inflammatory stress and complication risk, maintain local wound microenvironment, and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective: To study the relationship between secondary epilepsy and EEG, NSE and TNF-α levels after cerebral infarction in the elderly. Methods: A retrospective data collection of 102 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 was performed. The patients were divided into 61 cases in the cerebral infarction epilepsy group and 41 cases in the simple cerebral infarction group according to the presence or absence of secondary epilepsy. In addition, 56 patients with normal physical examination at the same time and who did not use fibrinolytic active drugs recently were selected as the control group. The EEG abnormalities of the cerebral infarction epilepsy group and the simple cerebral infarction group were compared, and the levels of NSE and TNF-α in the control group, the cerebral infarction epilepsy group and the simple cerebral infarction group were compared. The EEG abnormalities, NSE and TNF-α levels of different seizure types and seizure types in the cerebral infarction epilepsy group were compared. The relationship between NSE and TNF-α levels and the severity of EEG in the epilepsy group of cerebral infarction was analyzed. Results: The total abnormal rate of EEG, NSE and TNF-α levels in the cerebral infarction epilepsy group were higher than those in the simple cerebral infarction group (P<0.05). The rate of EEG abnormality, NSE and TNF-α levels of status epilepticus in the cerebral infarction epilepsy group were higher than those of one seizure (P<0.05). In the cerebral infarction epilepsy group, the EEG abnormality rate, NSE and TNF-α levels of complex partial seizures were higher than those of simple partial seizures and generalised tonic clonic seizures (P<0.05). As the severity of EEG increased, the levels of NSE and TNF-α also gradually increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: EEG can be used as an important tool for the diagnosis of secondary epilepsy after cerebral infarction in the elderly and the determination of the type of epilepsy. The development process of secondary epilepsy after cerebral infarction in the elderly is related to NSE and TNF-α, which has potential clinical significance for predicting and preventing the disease, and provides new ideas for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and perinatal fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnancies with premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: From January 2021 to December 2023, 110 pregnant women with PPROM were selected and divided into three groups based on the AFI measured by ultrasound within one week before and after membrane rupture: Group 1, oligohydramnios (26 cases,AFI≤50mm) ; Group 2, moderate amniotic fluid (53 cases,50mm<AFI<80mm); and Group 3, normal amniotic fluid (31 cases,80mm ≤ AFI<250mm). The labor process, neonatal Apgar score, and perinatal fetal and maternal outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results: Compared with the oligohydramnios group, the first, second, and third stages of labor were shorter in the moderate amniotic fluid and normal amniotic fluid groups (P<0.05), and the Apgar scores of newborns in these groups were higher at 1 and 5 minutes (P<0.05). The infection rate of newborns was lower in the moderate amniotic fluid and normal amniotic fluid groups compared with the oligohydramnios group (P<0.05), and the sepsis rate was lower in the normal amniotic fluid group (P<0.05). The cesarean section and postpartum infection rates were lower in the moderate amniotic and normal amniotic fluid groups compared with the oligohydramnios groups. The cesarean section rate, amniotic cavity infection rate, and postpartum infection rate were lower in the normal amniotic fluid group compared with the oligohydramnios group (P<0.05). Conclusion: A higher AFI within one week before and after the occurrence of PPROM is associated with a longer labor process and a higher incidence of neonatal infection and sepsis. The incidence of cesarean section, amniotic cavity infection, and postpartum infection is also higher in parturients. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures should be taken clinically based on residual AFI.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), islet β-cell function index (HOMA-ISLET), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods: One hundred and two patients with T2DM and SCH who received treatment at the hospital from October 2019 to October 2024 were selected and divided into two groups based on TSH levels: the normal group (n=49) and the elevated group (n=53). The normal group had TSH levels of 0.3-3.6 mIU/L, while the elevated group had TSH levels > 3.6 mIU/L. Basic data for both groups were collected, and blood glucose indices were measured for all patients to calculate HOMA-IR and HOMA-ISLET. Basic data, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-ISLET were compared between the two groups. The Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between HOMA-IR, HOMA-ISLET, and TSH. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of HOMA-IR and HOMA-ISLET on TSH levels. Results: There were no significant differences in basic data between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the normal group, the HOMA-IR level was higher and the HOMA-ISLET level was higher in the elevated group (P<0.05). HOMA-IR and HOMA-ISLET were positively correlated with TSH levels (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that HOMA-IR had high predictive specificity for TSH elevation, while HOMA-ISLET had a high area under the curve and sensitivity. Conclusion: HOMA-IR and HOMA-ISLET are positively correlated with TSH levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism. HOMA-IR and HOMA-ISLET have certain predictive value for TSH elevation, with HOMA-ISLET demonstrating higher predictive efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of volumetric arc intensity-modulated radiotherapy (VMAT) and fixed-field static intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after surgery for early-stage cervical cancer, as well as their effects on radiotherapy dose, serum levels of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), and microRNA-15b (miR-15b). Methods: A total of 130 patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent postoperative radiotherapy at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a VMAT group (n=65) and an IMRT group (n=65) using a random number table method for a prospective study. The VMAT group received VMAT, while the IMRT group received IMRT. The planned implementation efficiency, target radiotherapy dose, exposure dose to organs at risk, serum DCLK1 and miR-15b levels, intestinal and vaginal microecology, adverse reactions, and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The number of machine jumps in the VMAT group was fewer than in the IMRT group, and the treatment time was shorter (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), mean dose (Dmean), minimum dose (Dmin), and maximum dose (Dmax) between the two groups (P>0.05). The rectal Dmean, right femoral head Dmean, left femoral head Dmean, small intestine Dmax, bladder Dmean, and pelvic Dmean in the VMAT group were all lower than those in the IMRT group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum DCLK1 and miR-15b levels between the two groups after radiotherapy (P>0.05). After radiotherapy, the intestinal flora richness, intestinal flora diversity index, vaginal flora diversity score, and vaginal flora density score in the VMAT group were higher than those in the IMRT group (P<0.05). The incidence of myelosuppression, radiation enteritis, gastrointestinal reactions, and bacterial vaginitis in the VMAT group was lower than in the IMRT group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The target radiotherapy dose parameters of VMAT are comparable to those of IMRT. However, VMAT can reduce the number of machine jumps and treatment time, decrease the dose to surrounding organs, improve the intestinal and vaginal microecology, reduce the risk of adverse reactions, and not increase the recurrence rate.

Objective: To construct a risk model for neurological function prognosis in patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction after mechanical thrombectomy based on brain neurotransmitters, and to verify the predictive efficiency of this model, guiding the formulation of clinical disease management regimens. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and visited our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as research subjects. They were randomly assigned to a modeling set (n=112) and a validation set (n=48) in a 7∶3 ratio. Based on the neurological function prognosis of patients after mechanical thrombectomy in the modeling set, they were divided into a group with deteriorating neurological function (n=43) and a group with improved neurological function (n=69). Clinical data of the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors affecting the neurological function prognosis of patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction after mechanical thrombectomy. A neurological function prognosis risk model for patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction after mechanical thrombectomy was constructed based on the identified risk factors, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, standard curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: There were no statistical differences in clinical data between the modeling set and the validation set (P>0.05), and comparisons between the modeling set and the overall level, as well as between the validation set and the overall level, revealed no statistical differences (P>0.05). Both data sets were representative of the total population. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, baseline NIHSS score, SBP, LP(a), brain neurotransmitters DA, GABA, Glu EEG S spectrum values were risk factors for deterioration of neurological function prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction caused by large artery occlusion after mechanical thrombectomy (P<0.05). The constructed risk model was verified by ROC curve analysis, which showed that the areas under the curves of the training set and the validation set were 0.897 (95%CI: 0.767-0.943) and 0.902 (95%CI: 0.788-0.954), respectively, indicating good discrimination. Calibration curve verification revealed that the predicted values of the model obtained from the training set and the validation set were in good agreement with the actual values. DCA analysis indicated that the model of the training set and validation set had high clinical application value. Conclusion: Neurotransmitter levels are influencing factors of prognosis in patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction with mechanical thrombectomy. It is valuable to construct a risk model based on neurotransmitters to evaluate the risk of neurological function prognosis in patients after mechanical thrombectomy.

Objective: To investigate the influence of radium-223 dichloride on blood cell count, bone pain degree, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA (f-PSA), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) complicated by bone metastasis. Methods: A total of 122 patients with CRPC and bone metastasis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were studied from February 2020 to December 2023. They were randomly divided into an observation group (n=61, radium-223 dichloride + conventional treatment) and a control group (n=61, conventional treatment). After 6 months, blood cell count, bone pain degree, serum factors, efficacy, and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Results: The counts of red blood cells, NK cells, CD4⁺ cells, and platelets decreased in both groups after treatment, with statistically significant differences before and after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS, PSA, f-PSA, and OPG levels were reduced in both groups, with statistically significant differences between pre- and post-treatment levels (P<0.05). The total effective rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle soreness or fatigue, abnormal body temperature, and peripheral edema, as well as the total incidence rate (6.56%, 13.11%, 9.84%, 11.48%, 40.98% in the observation group), were not statistically different from those in the control group (8.20%, 9.84%, 11.48%, 3.28%, 32.79%) (P>0.05). Conclusion: For CRPC patients with bone metastasis, radium-223 dichloride is beneficial for improving blood cell count and OPG levels, alleviating bone pain severity, reducing PSA and f-PSA levels, and enhancing treatment efficacy. It also demonstrates high safety and has value for promotion.