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| Effects of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty on Perioperative Indexes, Knee Function and Postoperative Complications in Patients with Medial Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis |
| LU Hao, WANG Peng, et al |
| Linfen Central Hospital, Shanxi Linfen 041000, China |
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Abstract Objective: To explore the perioperative indexes, knee function, and postoperative complications of patients with medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis treated by unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The clinical data of 104 patients with medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis who were treated in the hospital from March 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, 51 patients underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and were made the UKA group, and the other 53 patients received total knee arthroplasty and were made the TKA group. The perioperative-related indexes of the two groups were compared, and the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint and hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) were evaluated and compared between the two groups before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The lower limb alignment correction and postoperative complications were compared before and after treatment with the two surgical methods. Results: Compared with the TKA group, the surgical time and 90° voluntary knee flexion time in the UKA group were shorter, the intraoperative blood loss was less and the decrease of hemoglobin was less at 3 days after surgery (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the ROM and HSS scores between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05), and the ROM and HSS scores at 6 and 12 months after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (P<0.01). The ROM of the UKA group at 6 and 12 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of the TKA group (P<0.01), and the HSS score at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of the TKA group (P<0.05). After surgery, the hip-knee-ankle angle of the two groups was enlarged (P<0.01) while the tibiofemoral angle was reduced (P<0.01), and the lower limb alignment was corrected, but the differences in hip-knee-ankle angle and tibiofemoral angle were not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications at 3.92% in the UKA group was significantly lower than the TKA group at 18.87% (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for patients with medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis has a shorter time required for surgery and 90° voluntary knee flexion time, less intraoperative blood loss, better postoperative knee range of motion and joint function recovery and fewer postoperative complications, so unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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2023, Vol. 29 
