Abstract：Objective: To investigate the perinatal risk factors for late preterm neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on cases of late preterm NRDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a certain hospital from September 2019 to January 2023. The patients were divided into the observation group (NRDS with ARDS) and the control group (simple NRDS) according to whether or not they developed ARDS. The perinatal risk factors of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 92 cases were included, with 44 cases in the observation group and 48 cases in the control group. There were no significant differences in sex, gestational age, body weight, and mode of delivery between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of late-term respiratory tract infection, late-term vaginitis, late-term vitamin D deficiency, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and asphyxia was higher in the observation group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence rates of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, prenatal lung stimulation therapy, premature rupture of membranes, umbilical cord entanglement, placenta previa, placental abruption, low body weight, and intrauterine distress revealed no statistical significance in both groups (P>0.05). The variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis (late-term respiratory tract infection, late-term vaginitis, late-term vitamin D deficiency, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and asphyxia) were included in the logistic regression analysis. The results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that late-term respiratory tract infection (OR=9.613, 95%CI 1.056-87.489, P<0.05), late-term vaginitis (OR=11.469, 95%CI 1.286-102.294, P<0.05), and late-term vitamin D deficiency (OR=7.499, 95%CI 1.887-29.802, P<0.05) were all statistically significant, and were associated with late preterm NRDS with ARDS. Conclusion: Late-term respiratory tract infection, late-term vaginitis, and late-term vitamin D deficiency are independent risk factors for late preterm NRDS with ARDS.
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2024, Vol. 30 
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