Abstract：Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of theaflavins on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) signaling pathway. Methods: 50μL (0.01mg/μL) sodium iodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the right knee joint of 63 SD rats, another 13 rats were only injected with normal saline into the knee joint as blank group, two weeks later, 3 rats were randomly selected from KOA rats and blank group, and HE staining, Mankin and lequesne MG scores were performed to identify whether the KOA model was successfully prepared; the remaining successful modeling rats were randomly separated into model group, low-dose theaflavin group (20mg/kg theaflavin), middle-dose theaflavin group (40mg/kg theaflavin), and high-dose theaflavin group (80mg/kg theaflavin), celecoxib group (18mg/kg positive drug celecoxib), and inhibitor group (80mg/kg theaflavins + 0.2mg/kg AMPK inhibitor Compound C). Low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose theaflavin groups and celecoxib group were given theaflavin and celecoxib by intragastric administration; the blank group and model group were intragastrically administered with the same volume of distilled water, the inhibitor group was administered the corresponding dose of Compound C into the tail vein based on the corresponding dose of theaflavin, once a day, for 4 consecutive weeks. On the 15th day (one day after modeling), the 29th day (the 14th day of administration) and the 43rd day (the 28th day of administration), the rat mechanical pain threshold and rat joint width were detected; the behavioral changes of the rats were observed, and the lequesne MG score was performed; the pathological changes of cartilage tissue were observed by HE staining and Mankin score was performed; the kits were used to measure serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and COMP) and oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) levels; Western Blot was used to detect the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway-related protein expression. Results: Compared with the blank group, the cell arrangement of the KOA rats cell arrangement was disordered, the surface was rough, the fissures were uniform, the arrangement was uneven, the number of chondrocytes was reduced, the moisture marks were not obvious, and the Mankin, lequesne MG scores were obviously increased. Compared with the blank group, on the 15th day, the pain threshold of rats in the model group, theaflavin low, medium and high dose groups, the celecoxib group and the inhibitor group was obviously decreased, and the joint width was obviously increased (P<0.05); compared with the blank group, the cartilage layer of the rats in the model group was thinner, the soles of the rats were swollen, the HE staining was uneven, the cell arrangement was disordered, the surface was rough, the fissures were uniform, the arrangement was uneven, the number of chondrocytes was reduced, and the moisture marks were not obvious, the Mankin and lequesne MG scores, serum IL-1β, TNF-α, COMP and MDA levels, and cartilage tissue p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 level were obviously increased (P<0.05), the serum SOD level and cartilage tissue p-AMPKα/AMPKα, SIRT1 expression levels were obviously decreased (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the pain threshold of the theaflavin low, medium and high dose groups and the celecoxib group was obviously increased (P<0.05), the width of the joint was reduced, the swelling of the soles of the rats' feet was reduced, the cartilage surface was slightly damaged, and the staining was more uniform, chondrocytes were visible, the Mankin and lequesne MG scores, serum IL-1β, TNF-α, COMP and MDA levels, and cartilage tissue p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 level were obviously decreased, the serum SOD level and cartilage tissue p-AMPKα/AMPKα, SIRT1 expression levels were obviously increased (P<0.05); AMPK inhibitors attenuate the therapeutic effect of theaflavins in KOA rats. Conclusion: Theaflavins have therapeutic effects on KOA rats by regulating AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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2023, Vol. 29 
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