Abstract：Objective: To investigate the expression of serum microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and the relationship with T helper cell 17/T regulatory cell (Th17/Treg) immune homeostasis. Methods: 110 patients with AP admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 (AP group) were selected and divided into the mild AP group (n=41), the moderately severe AP group (n=37)and the severe AP group (n=32) according to the severity of their conditions, and 58 healthy people with physical examination (control group) were also selected for the same period. Peripheral blood interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, peripheral blood Th17 and Treg percentages were measured by flow cytometry, and serum miR-181a-5p expression was measured by qPCR. Correlation of serum miR-181a-5p expression with Th17/Treg in AP patients was analyzed using Pearson/Spearman correlation. Results: Compared with the control group, serum miR-181a-5p expression and peripheral blood Treg percentage decreased, and Th17 percentage and Th17/Treg increased in AP group (all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the peripheral blood levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the AP group were increased, and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were reduced (all P<0.001). Serum miR-181a-5p expression and peripheral blood IL-10, TGF-β1, and Treg percentage were sequentially lower and peripheral blood IL-6, IL-17, Th17 percentage, and Th17/Treg were sequentially higher in the mild, moderately severe, and severe AP groups (all P<0.001). Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum miR-181a-5p expression in AP patients was negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, Th17, and Th17/Treg (r/rs=-0.688, -0.652, -0.782, -0.825, all P<0.001) and positively correlated with IL-10, TGF-β1, and Treg were positively correlated (r/rs=0.743, 0.667, 0.739, all P<0.001). Conclusion: Serum miR-181a-5p is lowly expressed in AP patients with Th17/Treg immune imbalance. miR-181a-5p may be involved in the development of AP through Th17/Treg immune imbalance.
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2023, Vol. 29 
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